Everything about Vera Videotape Format totally explained
VERA (Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus) was an early
videotape format developed by the
BBC beginning in 1952.
In order to record high frequencies, a tape must move rapidly with respect to the recording or playback head. The frequencies used by video signals are so high that the tape/head speed is on the order of several meters per
second (tens of
feet per second), as opposed to 15 or 30
inches (38 or 75
centimeters) per second used by professional analog audio tape recording. The BBC solved the problem by using 20.5" (52cm) reels of tape that were propelled past the static heads at a speed of 200 inches (5.08 metres, or almost 17 feet) per second (11.4 mi/h or 18.3 km/h).
VERA was capable of recording about 15 minutes of
405-line black-and-white video per reel, and the picture tended to wobble because the synchronizing pulses that keep the picture stable were not recorded accurately enough. Ironically, the only VERA recordings that survive are film
telerecordings of the original demonstration.
In order to cope with 625-line
PAL or
SECAM colour transmissions VERA would likely have required an even faster, and possibly unfeasible, tape speed.
Development began in 1952, but VERA wasn't perfected until
1958, by which time it had already been rendered obsolete by the
Ampex quadruplex video recording system. This used 2" (5 cm)-wide tapes running at a speed of 15 inches (38 cm) per second. The rapid tape-to-head speed was achieved by spinning the
heads rapidly on a drum – the system used, with variations, on all video tape systems ever since, as well as
DAT. (See also:
helical scan)
The BBC scrapped VERA and quickly adopted the Ampex system.
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